Astronomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Cosmology - Essay Example Cosmic units are utilized for any estimation which has a specific sensible length that people can achieve or reach. Light-years are generally held for objects excessively far away to ever be reached by one human’s lifetime. Heavenly size is the size and heading of a star. This is fundamentally the star’s uprooting. The distinction among supreme and obvious sizes is that total extents are fixed, continuous figures of informationâ€whereas evident sizes are simply evaluates dependent on what the natural eye can see. That is the distinction between the two expressions. Hipparchus initially drew his greatness scale utilizing exceptionally simple computations and instruments. Today’s space experts have changed it somewhat by utilizing further developed procedures and a substantially more current way to deal with the extent scale. Presently, material science understudies all over utilize the size scale created by today’s generally progressed and gifted researchers. A. Look at the Ptolemaic and Copernican models of the universe. Express the fundamental principle of every hypothesis; how they are indistinguishable or extraordinary, what proof each used to help the thoughts, and how each clarified the retrograde movement of the internal planets. (150 words)†¨ The Ptolemaic model of the universe expressed that the universe spun around the earth. Copernican hypothesis expressed that the model of the universe which was right fundamentally included the universe spinning around the sun. They are both the same in the way that the two models included the universe rotating around somethingâ€it was only that Ptolemy missed the point. The proof that Ptolemy used to help his case was fundamentally, he didn’t have proof. It was by regal pronouncement that the ruler in power needed the earth to be the focal point of the universe. The proof Copernicus used to show that the earth rotated around the sun was the substance of the eclipseâ€showing that the

Provision Australia Governing Legal Mattersâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Provision Australia Governing Legal Matters? Answer: Introducation In the arrangement of Australia, there are sure normal laws accessible that are administering the lawful issues. There are sure laws manages contract related issues. In the current case, there is an arrangement dependent on delicate work (Alexander and Merkert 2017). In a business nation like Australia, delicate is a typical procedure. Offering process is seen in private just as open segment. It is utilized to get the products and enterprises inside the mainland of Australia (Bailey, 2014). In the offering procedure, certain arrangements of the agreement law is being followed up. In any case, through the offering procedure, no lawful relationship is being made inside the standard and the delicate holder. During the time spent offering, there is an absence of intrigue appeared in the middle of the gatherings as a result of the nonappearance of legitimate relationship (Cartwright 2016). In the current case, the college has requested for certain predefined seeds. The organization has led an offering procedure with respect to the equivalent. In the event of delicate, there are sure procedures ought to be kept up (Goodall 2015). If there should be an occurrence of delicate, shutting dates are significant. Here, it has been seen that the University has referenced an end date for the delicate and there are three organizations, who are applied for the equivalent. The end date of the delicate was 1 June and there was a standard that the delicate application must be gone in the delicate box. Among the three organizations, two companys letter was placed in the delicate box. Be that as it may, the use of another organization named Enviro was submitted on early premise (Keyes 2017). According to the arrangement of law, when there is an offer is made for a specific subject and the equivalent be acknowledged by the other party, there will be an agreement in the middle of two rose. The contracting parties must be skilled to settle on the understanding and the qualification of the gatherings ought not be confined by any of the arrangement of the Contract Act (Lam and Lee 2014). The gatherings ought to have certain aim to take an interest in the offer. Be that as it may, the most significant thing with respect to the offer or delicate is it ought to be treated as a greeting and not makes any agreement along these lines. In Pratt Contractor Limited v. Palmerston North City Council, it was held by the court that offers are just a straightforward solicitation and not restricting the gatherings in any way. The primary issue is about the authoritative places of the considerable number of gatherings. An offer has been made by the University and it has been seen that three organizations had indicated their enthusiasm for that (McKendrick 2014). There are sure fundamentals of agreement occur, for example, offer, acknowledgment, thought, capacity of the gatherings. Be that as it may, a significant point is to be occurred in regards to the acknowledgment of the proposal of those organizations by the University. For this situation, the conditions given by Plant Forever had been acknowledged by University however the equivalent was neglected to reach at the organization. This demonstration neglected to tie the gatherings lawfully. Another component of agreement is information. Yet, the demonstrations of the gatherings had neglected to meet this fixing. There is a distinction among delicate and contract. Delicate emerged when there is a greeting made and it included certain terms. In the other hand, contract implies an understanding that is authoritative by law. Be that as it may, on account of Plant perpetually, there was no lawful relationship had been made in the middle of the them. The delicate states of Greenland were most reduced in nature and the notoriety of the organization is additionally not acceptable. Accordingly, the University specialists had not uncovered their enthusiasm towards the organization. If there should arise an occurrence of the Enviro, it has been seen that the states of the organization were pulled in. There were sure issues sprung up with respect to the organization. Initially, the organization had posted the delicate in an incorrect manner and the letter of the delicate was posted at a beginning period. In any case, the University authority had by one way or another dealt with the circumstance yet the clerical specialist had lost the letter and in this manner, it was unrealistic for University to settle on any concurrence with Enviro (Morse and Deutsch 2016). Along these lines, from the above sections, it is cleared that there are sure contrasts present in the middle of delicate and agreement. It very well may be seen that specific greeting had been made in regards to the seeds however there were no understanding made among University and three organizations and no legitimate relationship had been made. Accordingly, it tends to be expressed that there were no agreement position has ever made for this situation. In Australia, there is a law sanctioned that are manages the Electronic Transaction established in the year 1999 and the instance of Footloose draws in the arrangement of the Act. There are sure arrangements in regards to the Australian Contract Act that are likewise applied in this specific case. In Australia, the nature of the laws is precedent-based law and the birthplace of the equivalent gets from English law. For this situation, there is an arrangement on offer and acknowledgment. As per the customary law guideline, offer is a greeting made by any able individual at any stage and there is a nearby qualification among offer and greeting to bargain (Ready 2015). For this situation, a closeout had been made by the Footloose Ltd. in a nearby paper with specific limits on shoes. The offer made by the organization is a kind of offer and the equivalent was posted on first October. In the banner, there was an arrangement with respect to the measure of the shoes and the offer made by the organization pulled in the provisions of the delicate conditions (Skeel 2014). After the offer had been made by the assembling organization, two deals organizations had acknowledged the offer. Under the Australian Contract Act, an acknowledgment can be made by three different ways however there is no specific type of acknowledgment (Smith and Duke 2014). According to the law of England, the acknowledgment ought to be made with no intimidation or undue impact. According to the announcement of the case, on second October, a shoe organization uncovered its enthusiasm against the offer and they declare their readiness with respect to the proposal to the Sales Manager of Footloose. The offer made by the Footloose Ltd. was open in nature. Consequently, there can be more than one acknowledgment with respect to a similar offer (Smith and Duke 2014). On sixth October, another shoe organization, James Shoe acknowledged the offer and followed a similar standard as the past organization. The Sales supervisor of Footloose had reacted him back just and an agreement made between the two. It is vital that in the event of any deal, there must be sure thought and for this situation, the components of the point have been satisfied. The thought thing and cash, both are expressed by the organizations and them two are conceded to it. The proposition made by James was in a composed adaptation. In the section of acknowledgment, it is unmistakably referenced that an acknowledgment can be made in three different ways among which there is a point on composed variant. In this manner, it very well may be expressed that the acknowledgment procedure of James is worthy by law. In the wake of getting approval from the Footloose Ltd. James chose to fix a date for the last settlement with the assembling organization and answered them back on eighth October. For this situation, a chain of dates are to be seen. Understandings are made of specific proposition and that are to be transferred by the gatherings. After the proposition made by James, both the gatherings had made certain recommendations and chosen a last date for the agreement of those offered shoes. On tenth October they had came into the resolution that they should meet elsewhere to conclude the issue and consent to the arrangement to encourage the legally binding relationship. The case has illuminated the arrangement of the Electronic Transaction Act 1999 as all the dealings were made by method of Fax (Swain 2014). The arrangement of the Act applies just where there is an electronic agreement is being utilized. Hence, it very well may be expressed that the case is pulling in specific arrangements of the said Act. The Australian Courts are likewise of the view that online exchanges and electronic agreement are the two principle substance of the Act and the equivalent was demonstrated for a situation choice of Australian Communication of Media Authority v. Mobiligated Ltd. (2009). Consequently, from the above named sections, it tends to be expressed that the agreement was made in the middle of Footloose and James shoe. The explanation for the equivalent is that the offer or conditions proposed by James was acknowledged by the shoe producing organization and both the gatherings were prepared to made the agreement last. A chain of dates are referenced here for this situation and that are of significant in nature. Each date endorse certain occasions that were draw in the arrangement of the Contract law. Reference: Alexander, D.W. what's more, Merkert, R., 2017. Difficulties to residential airship cargo in Australia: Evaluating air traffic markets with gravity demonstrating. Diary of Air Transport Management, 61, pp.41-52. Bailey, J., 2014.Construction Law. Crc Press. Cartwright, J., 2016. Agreement law: A prologue to the English law of agreement for the common legal advisor. Bloomsbury Publishing. Goodall, H., 2015. Agreement packs: race, sexual orientation and powerlessness. Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 7(3), pp.23-36. Keyes, M., 2017. Australia: Foreign Law in Australian International Litigation: Developing the Common Law. InTreatment of Foreign Law-Dynamics towards Convergence?(pp. 503-528). Springer, Cham. Lam, T.I.P. furthermore, Lee, P., 2014. A similar investigation of standard agreement conditions for vitality execution contracting in Australia, Canada and the United States. Development law diary. McKendrick, E., 2014. Agreement law: content, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK). Morse, S.C. furthermore, Deutsch, R., 2016. Expense Anti-Avoidance Law in Australia and the United States. Prepared, K., 2015. Email contracts: Who, what, when and where the development of authoritative understandings through email trades. Governa

Critcial Thinking ID301 Bachelor's Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critcial Thinking ID301 Bachelor's - Term Paper Example It is, thus, not the judgment of a solitary individual or a solitary gathering. It should be a choice that might be appropriate for larger part of DWI cases. The sound cases and contentions introduced by Kathleen Rice in Martin Heidgen’s case, require an update in the laws relating to crimes. She is of the feeling that DWI crime cases ought to be arraigned as murders and the wrongdoers ought to be managed in like manner. This paper further expounds on the theme and confirms the sensibility of Rice’s contentions as it were. Some contend that training, social mindfulness and individuals’ adequacy of the seriousness of driving impaired episodes are the course to long haul arrangement of intoxicated driving occurrences. Be that as it may, the case uncovers an all around looked into examination that â€Å"despite all the exposure, all the training efforts, and all the publicizing over the previous decade, the quantity of alcoholic driving fatalities has not gone down† (CBS, 2009). Thus, the insights uncover a counter contention and a more grounded guarantee against such a methodology which is hypothetical and less employable for all intents and purposes. The case of giving such wrongdoers to live autonomously access the general public again by not executing stricter and progressively serious laws resembles allowing them to murder an individual or people. Laws are made for the security of the more extensive populace, the general public, and not the individual guilty parties who might overlook t he occurrence and the minor disciplines and rehash the offense. Steven Lamagna, who protected Heidgen for the situation, couldn't acknowledge that investigators are â€Å"charging a vehicular crime with murder, with an actual existence sentence† (CBS, 2009). Lamagna gives a contention for Heidgen as he â€Å"had no past feelings of any kind†. Be that as it may, having no earlier feelings doesn't demonstrate an individual as blameless as it doesn't demonstrate him as liable of the present offense. It might, in any case, be useful in the examinations and proof social affair

The deadliest of all the psychiatric disorders anorexia nervosa - Free Essay Example

In the USA alone, 30 million people are suffering from an eating disorder right now. 70 million are suffering worldwide (Farrar, 2014). Eating disorders are becoming an epidemic, especially concerning women. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation (King, 2010, p.455). History of Origin Anorexia first appeared sometime in the 12th and 13th centuries. Saint Catherine of Siena denied herself food as part of a spiritual denial to self. In the 16th century, ascetics (those who denied themselves food for spiritual beliefs) were considered witches and burned at the stake. During the 17th the early 20th century, anorexia was considered an endocrine disorder and treated with pituitary hormones (Deans, 2011). Anorexia nervosa was first given its name in 1868, by William Withey Gull, a British physician at Guys Hospital, London. The disease was first documented in 1873, by Charles Lasgue, when he wrote Lanorexie Hysterique. He said that the disorder typically began between the ages of 15 to 20 and had three distinct stages During the Victorian Era, the disorder was thought to be a form of hysteria that affected mainly women of the middle and upper classes. Obesity during this era was thought to be a characteristic of poverty the ideal womans body type during the Victorian era was one that was curvy and full- figured. Many women attempted to achieve this body type through the use of corsets. The role of restrictive corsets exemplifies how women began taking extreme measures to achieve the believed ideal body type. Sometime midway in the twentieth century, the mass media became the chief purveyors of the idea that slimness is the ideal image of feminine beauty. This constant emphasis has caused many women to incessantly diet in order to keep up with the demands of modern fashion. In a 1984 survey carried out by Glamor magazine, of thirty-three thousand women between the ages of eighteen and thirty-five, 75 percent believed they were fat, although only 25 percent were actually overweight cultural model became pervasive throughout the media, said New World Encyclopedia contributors (2016). When Hilde Bru ch published a book called Eating Disorder: Obesity, Anorexia Nervosa, And the Person Within, public awareness increased along with the number of eating disorder cases in the 1970s (Deans, 2011). Anorexia nervosa is the deadliest of all the psychiatric disorders. It has a 5-10 percent death rate within 10 years of developing the symptoms, and an 18-20 percent death rate within 20 years of developing the symptoms. Anorexia is already an endemic in the fashion industry, to the point where models are now being airbrushed to add curves (Deans, 2011). Anorexia nervosa has a long history, but what causes anorexia nervosa? Etiology/Causation Anorexia nervosa is a complicated disease. The exact cause is unknown. It is thought that it is like any other disease and is a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental. For the biological standpoint, the genes involved are still unknown, however, there are some genetic changes that certain people at higher risk for developing anorexia. These people are people who have a genetic tendency toward perfectionism, sensitivity, and perseverance, which are all traits associated with anorexia. From the psychological standpoint, some p eople with anorexia may have obsessive-compulsive personality traits that make it easier to stick to strict diets and forgo food despite being hungry. They may have a drive for perfectionism that makes them think that they are never thin enough. On the environmental standpoint, modern western culture emphasized thinness. People who are thin are successful and worthful. Peer pressure may fuel young girls to be thin (Anorexia nervosa, 2018). There are risk factors that are known for anorexia nervosa. Genetics, dieting and starvation, and transitions are risk factors for anorexia nervosa. People who have a close relative parent, sibling or child who had anorexia have a much higher risk for it. Dieting is a risk factor for developing an eating disorder. There is strong evidence that many of the symptoms of anorexia are symptoms of starvation. Starvation affects the brain and influences mood changes, rigidity in thinking, anxiety and reduction in appetite. Extreme weight loss may change the way the brain works in vulnerable individuals, which may perpetuate restrictive eating behaviors and make it difficult to return to normal eating habits. When there is a major transition in someones life, it is also a risk factor for anorexia nervosa. It can be a new school, home or job, a relationship breakup; or the death or illness of a loved one, change can bring emotional stress and increase the risk of anorexia (Anorexia nervosa, 2018). Onset / Prevalence Eating disorders are becoming more and more common as time progresses. About 1.6 million people have a diagnosed eating disorder. Younger people are most at risk. The average age of onset of anorexia nervosa is 16-17 yet the number of cases of children affected and cases of early onset cont inues to rise (About Eating Disorders). An estimated 0.5 to 3.7 percent of women suffer from anorexia nervosa at some point in their lifetime. The ratio of girls to boys in children, ages 5-12 years, with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa is 5:1. The ratio in adolescent/adult women to adolescent/adult men is 10:1 (Farrar, 2014). The Department of Health estimates about 4 million people currently struggle with an eating disorder. Anorexia is the leading cause of mental health related deaths. Of those surviving, less than 50% recover, whereas 30% improve and 20% remain chronically ill (About Eating Disorders). There was a sample done to see the time trends in age at onset of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. They used 1,666 anorexia nervosa subjects and 793 bulimia nervosa subjects between 1985 and 2008. The results were that the age at onset of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa is decreasing in younger generations. The implications of their findings in terms of long-term outcome remain to be understood (Favaro et al., 2009). Symptoms Anorexia nervosa is not hard to detect in certain people, but others, it can be near impossible. Anorexia has physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms. The physical signs and symptoms of anorexia may include: extreme weight loss, thin appearance, abnormal blood counts, fatigue, insomnia, dizziness, bluish discoloration of the fingers, hair thins and falls out, absence of menstruation, constipation, abdominal pain, dry or yellowish skin, intolerance of cold, irregular heart rhythms, low blood pressure, dehydration, swelling of arms or legs, eroded teeth, and calluses on the knuckles from induced vomiting (Anorexia nervosa, 2018). Emotional and behavioral signs and symptoms may include: preoccupation with food, frequently skipping meals or refusing to eat, denial of hunger or making excuses for not eating, eating only a few certain safe foods, adopting rigid meal or eating rituals, not wanting to eat in public, lying about how much food has been eaten, fear of gaining weight, frequent checking in the mirror for perceived flaws, complaining about being fat or having parts of the body that are fat, covering up in layers of clothing, flat mood, social withdrawal, irritability, insomnia, and reduced interest in sex (Anorexia nervosa, 2018). Some behavioral symptoms of anorexia may include attempts to lose weight by: severely restricting food intake through dieting and fasting, exercising excessively, and bingeing and self-induced vomiting to get rid of food, which may include the use of laxatives, enemas, diet aids or herbal products (Anorexia nervosa, 2018). Treatment Depending on how old the person with anorexia nervosa is, depends on the treatment. For children, it depends on their age, overall health, medical history, extend of the childs symptoms, the childs tolerance for specific medications or therapies, and expectations for the course o f the condition (Anorexia Nervosa in Children). For adolescents, family based treatment is the best evidenced-based approach for anorexia nervosa. This treatment facilitate parental management of the restrictive dieting and over exercise in their child until the child is recovered enough to manage more age appropriate eating. Individual therapy is also an effective treatment appears to take longer for patients to restore weight. Other forms of family therapy also appear to be useful Treatment should always be based on a comprehensive evaluation of the adolescent and family. There are no medications known to be helpful for anorexia nervosa, but medication (usually antidepressants) may be helpful if the adolescent with anorexia is also depressed or anxious. The frequent occurrence of medical complications requires your childs doctor to be an active member of the management team. Parents play a vital supportive role in any treatment process. Hospitalization may be required for medical complications related to weight loss and ma lnutrition (Anorexia Nervosa in Children). Conclusion All in all, anorexia nervosa is a mental condition that not many people fully understand. Most people think that it can be turned on and off like a switch. However, they would not think such thoughts if they would educate themselves.

Social Media And Its Effects On Society - 1385 Words

Ever just wonder and think about the government being able to see what you’re doing online, on social media. You might be talking to someone and you think you’re safe and think no one can see the conversation but people can see it like the government. Us people don’t think about what we post on social media and that can hurt us if we are trying to get a job or anything like that, even if we put our profile on private the stuff we put out there can be found some way. A lot of people feel that the government shouldn’t be able to see what we do online because it’s our personal life and there are some things we don’t want other to be able to see. We deserve to have some type of privacy and we don’t deserve to just be watched by people we don’t†¦show more content†¦Throughout the years, electronic devices have become more dangerous, and although it’s emerged to protect communications and personal identity. In some sit uations, there’s indifference between technical concept and legal moral concept of privacy. â€Å"Any media analyses and design generalizes methods throughout the modern era† (Clement 31). Debate about privacy has been structured as a series of tradeoffs and assertion on rights. Privacy raises new concerns about the nature of privacy and the means by which individual privacy might be compromised or protected. Although today’s concerns about big data reflect both the substantial increases in the amount of data being collected and associated changes, both actual and potential, in how they are used. Likewise, the ability to make intimate personal decisions without government interference is considered to be privacy right, as is protection from discrimination on the basis of certain personal characteristics† such as race, gender, or genome† (Clement 36). Concern with the rise of mass media such as newspapers in the 19th century led to legal protecti ons against the harms or adverse consequences of â€Å"intrusion upon seclusion,† public disclosure of private facts, and unauthorized use of name or likeness in commerce ( Clement 33). Radio communications led to 20th century laws against the interception of private communications laws that

Religions of the World Essay - 673 Words

Religions of the World Since the creation of The Church of Jesus Christ of The Latter-Day Saints, there have been many controversies concerning the similarities and differences between Mormonism and Catholicism, Christianity and Protestantism. Other than the obvious, that Catholicism, Christianity and Protestantism believe that there are no more prophets, and Mormons believe that there are still prophets walking the earth today, differences between the faiths range in varying ways. The Churchs founder, Joseph Smith, was born a Protestant and put his beliefs into the foundations of Mormonism. Other than this, the faiths are very different. Mormonism differs from other faiths in several different†¦show more content†¦Another uniqueness that brings blessing and relief to many mormons is the idea that practically no one is forever damned to hell and that all people who have ever existed will share in heavenly glory within the 3 heavens that exist to mormons. The lowest heaven, The Telestial Kingdom , is where evil-doers, criminals and liars reside. Their sins have been forgiven and now live in the eternal presence of the Holy Ghost. The middle heaven, The Terrestrial Kingdom, is where good non-Mormons and Mormons who were not completely faithful to the church. They have the presence of Jesus Christ. Finally, the top heaven, The Celestial Kingdom, is reserved for completely devout Mormons. These people become gods and rulers of their own universes. Being at this level also allows men to keep their families with them. (Distinctive Beliefs of the Mormon Church) Another brief differences between Christianity and Mormonism are their beliefs in God, Jesus Christ, Salvation and marriage. Obviously, Christians believe that God has always been perfect and has always had the same amount of infinite power. Mormons however, believe that God is the SupremeShow MoreRelatedWorld Religion2226 Words   |  9 PagesReligion is a hard word to define. 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Factors Affecting High Expenditure Customer Satisfaction

Question: Discuss about the Factors Affecting High Expenditure Customer Satisfaction. Answer: Introduction This section indicates the research methodology that brings clear explanation on the factor affecting of the high expenditure customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in a Hong Kong travel agent. Main role of researcher is to outline rationale behind the topic named as factor affecting of the high expenditure customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in a Hong Kong travel agent (Walter and Andersen 2013). The aim of the study is to bring innovative ideas and concepts relating to the present study. This dissertation initiates in bringing the real essence as well as factors behind factor affecting of the high expenditure customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in a Hong Kong travel agent. Researchers requires in gathering reliable information from potential sources. It brings out core aspects behind the topic for future analysis purpose. Researchers use research philosophy, approach and designs for conducting the research on topic in the most appropriate way. Research onion is ex plains with proper justification from each layer in alignment with the research topic (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). Accessing data is considered as one of the important job for the researcher. Researchers should use right data for conducting research. Secondary data should be up-to-date and the researcher should use no old data. Issue of accessibility will be found in primary data. Feedback given by the participants and the way they give feedback will be matter of issue faced by the researcher. The researchers take online interviews and they need email ids of people so that researchers can send questionnaire (Silverman 2016). Face-to-face interview taken by researcher involves time issues because participants mostly remains busy with their scheduled work and shows no interest in answering the interview questions. Researchers face variety of problem at the time of conducting the particular research on the selected topic. Due to time constraints, researchers fail to conduct in-de pth analysis on the given topic. One of the other limitations to the study is lack of financial resources. Researchers fail in using expensive method for conducting the present research work (Anfara and Mertz 2014). Research objectives To advise an action for capturing the market share To recognize factors that affects customer loyalty as well as customer satisfaction To be aware of the concept of customer loyalty and customer satisfaction To study the connection linking factors with customer loyalty and customer satisfaction Research design and justification for using quantitative survey method Research Design mainly refers to overall strategy selected for integrated components of study in logical way. It involves effective way for addressing the research problems in constituting blueprint for the collection as well as analysis of data. Research problem mainly determines in the research design for study investigation for future analysis purpose. Quantitative research is the numerical representation as well as manipulation of observations for describing phenomena of reflected observations. It requires usage of wide variety of natural as well as social sciences such as physics, biology as well as sociology and geology at the same time. There are different types of quantitative research that is classified under survey research, correlation research as well as experimental research and causal-comparative research. Survey Research The above research mainly uses scientific sampling as well as questionnaire design for measuring the characteristics of population in relation with statistical precision. It mainly requires that the respondents be selected on random basis under defined techniques. Samples of quantitative research- survey research From the various types of quantitative research, it is important to use survey method in the present study for understanding the factors behind customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Survey research is one of the systematic ways for gathering of information especially from respondents for understanding the behavioural aspects of population of interest. Survey research is mainly concerns with sampling, questionnaire design as well as questionnaire administration and data analysis. Types of Surveys In-person interviews- This is one type of survey method consisting of an interviewer asking the respondent questions in face-to-face situation. Interview usually takes place at respondents home or at research office depending upon the situation. Personal interviews are mostly flexible in nature as well as can be administered in any type of questionnaire whether structured questionnaire with specified and variable question sequences. Telephone Interviews- This type of survey method mainly involves presentation of the questionnaire used by telephone. Omnibus Survey- This is similar to telephone survey. It is a quick turnaround whereby researcher analyzes data in and within the specified week. It is cheap in relation with other related survey methods. Research Onion Research Onion means answer about how a study must be agreed out using clear methodology necessary for the research. It mainly shows clear structure with appropriate strategies as well as methods used in the research. In answering the questions in the research, it helps in expanding in the new knowledge attributes (Smith 2015). Other elements selected from the research onion layers helps in giving answers to research question deciding upon the research philosophy. Figure: Research Onion (Source: Skinner 2015) Research Philosophy The first layer in the research onion is Research Philosophies. It majorly gives an idea on how researcher thinks regarding the research. There are several views regarding the research process dominating the literature including positivism, Interpretivism and realism. Research philosophies involve beliefs for final implementation on the topic as factor affecting of the high expenditure customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in a Hong Kong travel agent (Silverman 2016). It helps in ensuring brief understanding on the research process on factor affecting of the high expenditure customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in a Hong Kong travel agent. There are three broad classification of research philosophy named as Positivism, Interpretivism and Realism. Figure: Broad Classification of Research Philosophy (Source: Reynolds et al. 2014) In this particular research, researchers make use of these research philosophies for interrelating subject matters in alignment to the given topic. Researchers use this philosophy to deal with future research outcomes in way of conducting statistical data collection methods. This particular study uses this philosophy for predicting ways for analyzed results on topic relating factor affecting of the high expenditure customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in a Hong Kong travel agent (Pickard 2012). The main difficulty faced by researchers involves detailed research due to time constraints. On the other hand, researchers fail in adopting best methods due to insufficient financial resources. Researchers should make sure of making minimal errors at the time of conducting the research. It will help in getting better results on the topic named as factor affecting of the high expenditure customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in a Hong Kong travel agent. Post-positivism is one of the main stages in positivism philosophy for interpretation of the background research. It needs extreme scientific calculations for conducting the research in certain way. On the contrary, deductive approach deals with human thoughts as well as emotional side (Panneerselvam 2014). This particular approach ensures integrated human interest as well as benefits in case of developmental factors for the topic on factor affecting of the high expenditure customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in a Hong Kong travel agent. At the end, Realism is the combined form of Positivism and Interpretivism. It aims at handling the ontological aspects of developing the main critical theories on the selected topic. Justification of using Positivism Research Philosophy Researcher selects the topic on factor affecting of the high expenditure customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in a Hong Kong travel agent for conducting the research in the most appropriate way. Researcher uses Positivism research philosophy in conducting the research for factor affecting of the high expenditure customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in a Hong Kong travel agent. This particular research philosophy enables increased effectiveness and error minimization (Neuman and Robson 2012). On the contrary, research philosophies show the ways in case of validation of a given topic. Positivism gains ensuring scientific knowledge for some assumptions for the topic on factor affecting of the high expenditure customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in a Hong Kong travel agent. This involves variety of justifications for presenting propositions in the near future. Research Approach The second layer in the research onion is the research approach. Research Approach provides proper explanation for an edge of discussion for the topic on factor affecting of the high expenditure customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in a Hong Kong travel agent (Miller et al. 2012). It mainly ensures clear understanding on the validation on the current study on factor affecting of the high expenditure customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in a Hong Kong travel agent. There are two broad classification of research approach named as Deductive approach and Inductive approach. Deductive approach works from more general to specific. This is known as top-down approach. Deductive approach is mainly consistent in way of developing theory as well as testing with the help of research. Arguments are mainly based n laws, accepted principles as well as rules used for Deductive reasoning (Matthews and Ross 2014). Deductive approach is one of the research approaches that involve application on given topic on factor affecting of the high expenditure customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in a Hong Kong travel agent. This particular approach aims at maintaining relationship between research outcomes at the time of conducting research. Addition to that, it helps in ensuring required convenience as well as accumulated data usage on models and theories on factor affecting of the high expenditure customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in a Hong Kong travel agent (Walter and Andersen 2013). On the contrary, inductive approach helps in generation of models for getting authentic information on factor affecting of the high expenditure customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in a Hong Kong travel agent. This particular approach evaluates the production results in an empirical form. Inductive reasoning mainly works like other way like deductive from specific to general in case of broader generalizations as well as theories (Mackey and Gass 2015). It is informally refers as bottom-up approach as well as conclusion based on premises involving high degree of uncertainty. Justification of using Deductive Research Approach Researcher uses deductive approach in the present study at the time of conducting the research. Researchers refer to the existing strategies and theories for applying in the current study for factor affecting of the high expenditure customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in a Hong Kong travel agent. Researchers will make use of findings of data of previous research works by authors (Green, Camilli and Elmore 2012). This will help researcher in reaching proper outcome for the particular research work. Research Strategies The third layer in the research onion is the research strategies. It uses different research methods for investigating the research question as well as aims at the same time. Some of the popular methods used for research strategies are as follows: Experiment- It is one of the classical forms of research that mainly owes towards natural sciences. It includes definition of theoretical approaches as well as selection and allocation of variables. It has limited control over the variables (Gast and Ledford 2014). Survey- This is one of the research method including questionnaires as well as statistical surveys for gathering data regarding people and thoughts and behaviours. Case Study- This is one of the interesting strategy in conducting research for conducting in-depth study of single as well as group and community (Walter and Andersen 2013). Action Research- This is one of the reflective process for progressive problem solving leading by individuals working with other related teams for improving the issues as far as possible. Grounded Theory- It is one of the systematic qualitative research methodology especially in social sciences emphasizing mainly on generalization of theory. Ethnography- It is the study as well as cultural process by using multiple ways for researching as well as observing people, events and artifacts (Walter and Andersen 2013). Justification for using survey method In the present study, researchers uses survey method for conducting the research in the most appropriate way. Questionnaire is distributed to customers of travel agency in Hong Kong. Research Choices The forth layer in research onion is the research onions. It mainly includes three major methods like: Mono method- This particular method considers for the research for using single data collection techniques as well as corresponding analysis. This method rejects in favour of mixed methods using qualitative and quantitative techniques (Gast and Ledford 2014). Mixed Method- This particular method considers as field of inquiry using both qualitative as well as quantitative methods for answering research questions in single study. It is considered as mixed because it uses both quantitative as well as qualitative techniques (Walter and Andersen 2013). Justification for using mixed method in research choices In this present study, mixed method is used as it takes into consideration both qualitative as well as quantitative techniques. It aims at combining research questions, analytical approaches as well as data collection procedures and conclusions at the same time (Flick 2015). This particular research has the ability to unite exploratory as well as confirmation research. It mainly allows in generating as well as testing theory for similar studies. Describe the measures of Demographic variables These are the variables characterizes of subjects as collected for describing the sample. It is also known as sample characteristics. It mainly describe study sample and determine if particular sample are representative of population of interest. It is difficult to manipulate demographic variables by the researcher. Researchers aim at explaining the relationship between demographic variables as well as dependent variables. Some of the common demographic variables are age, gender as well as occupation and marital status of the population. Usage variables Independent variable- Perceived value, brand image, customer satisfaction and word of mouth communication Dependent variable- Customer satisfaction and customer loyalty From the above variables, it is easy to understand the fact that factors influencing expenditure assumes to be independent variables. On the contrary, customer satisfaction as well as loyalty depends upon the above-mentioned variables in the most appropriate way. Research variables It is important to understand the fact that main purpose of research requires describing as well as explain the variance in the present study. It is the difference occurring naturally in the world as well as creating resulted manipulation at the same time. These are the names given to variance for determining the factors affecting high expenditure in understanding the customer satisfaction and loyalty in Hong Kong travel agent. It is important to understand variables by the researchers as they are considered as the basic units of information interpreted in research studies. Researchers require in analyzing as well as interpreting values of each variable in the descriptive study in particular experiment. Describe the questionnaire design including Structure of questionnaire Questionnaire is prepared using open and closed-ended questions that will be asked to the recipients. Process of pilot testing the questionnaire Data analysis is completed based on the information collected from primary research. In this particular study, pilot study will be done, 10 questionnaires will be sending for ensuring questionnaire is clear and understandable by other recipients. After particular questions are fixed then it will be passes the pilot test. Then, questionnaire will be send to 30 recipients after 30 questionnaire are done (Bolger and Laurenceau 2013). After that, reliability test will be conducted by using SPSS 22.0 software. It confirms each variable that are consistence with the related questions. The Cronbachs Alpha Index will be over 0.7 and passed after the reliability test. Questionnaire will be send to all possible random selected customers. Discussing the sampling design Secondary resources will also be used in this research. Secondary data will be collected from travel magazine, website journal, Government official as well as certain theories on customer satisfaction and retention strategies (Bryman and Bell 2014). These strategies can be further analyzed, as they may be helpful for increasing the number of customers who shows interest in travelling. Definition of population Questionnaire will be sent to 150 customers of the total population. Sampling method Gathered information is presented in terms of mathematical models as well as statistical calculations and pie charts. In this particular research, there will be usage of descriptive statistics for data analysis. Descriptive data uses various statistical measures such as median, mean as well as standard deviation showing in pie chart. Research hypothesis will use SPSS 22.0 software for performing regression as well as correlation. Regression analysis helps in estimating the relationship between variables (Blumberg, Cooper and Schindler 2014). Dependent variables are customer loyalty as well as customer satisfaction. There are three broad classifications on the qualitative methods under content analysis. This involves comparison as well as counting of content and keywords at the same time (Billig and Waterman 2014). Figure: Research Hypothesis (Source: Created by Author) Determination of sampling size Questionnaire will be distributed to 150 customers of travel agency in Hong Kong. Data collection process Data can be collected using primary as well as secondary research. In case of primary data, questionnaire will be distributed to 150 customers of travel agency in Hong Kong. Collection of data will be done with the help of using random sampling technique. In this particular research, random will be used at the time of conducting the research. This would be less time consuming as well as less biasness as a result (Clark and Creswell 2014). Primary data collection will help travel agent for understanding the customer preferences who can actually afford high expenditure for travelling purposes. Data analysis procedure Secondary data are collected from authentic online sites as well as official data where the information will be mentioned regarding customer satisfaction and growth of travel agencies (Brinkmann 2014). Researchers also pay attention and have a look over the previous papers by previous researchers. Secondary data have mostly higher authority as well as quick access. Descriptive statistics Descriptive statistics means data analysis describing patterns that emerges data in the most appropriate way. It mainly allows researchers in analyzing the study and reaching to conclusions in relation with hypothesis. Correlation analysis Correlation aims at analyzing positive or negative relationship among the given variables. Independent variables in this research are perceived value, word of mouth communication as well as brand image and customer satisfaction. Correlation analysis uses variables having positive and negative relationships. In case of qualitative analysis, it will be analyzed with the help of content analysis. Regression analysis Regression analysis is use with the help of software. In this particular research SPSS software is used for conducting the present study analysis. Summary This particular chapter summarizes the research methodology used by the researcher at the time of conducting particular research work. It explains the various research philosophies, approaches as well as design for conducting the particular research. Researchers use both primary as well as secondary data for conducting the present research. The particular research paper can be used as secondary form of data sources as far as future research is concerned. Future research can be done whereby travel agencies can incorporate strategies for further development as well as increase in the sale of products. There can be even exploring over new areas for research as well as way of promotions for detailed analysis Researchers should try hard in carrying out the research work in ethical ways. Conduction of research should be carried out truthfully as well as correct data usage for completing the research. Primary as well as secondary data should be collected at the time of conducting this resea rch (Archer et al. 2015). Research work might be cancelled if researchers fail to use ethical methods for carrying out the research work. Future researchers should carry out different research based upon similar topics. Future researchers have chance in taking into considerations customers who majorly opts for budgeted tour plans (Anfara and Mertz 2014). It is important to understand regarding customer satisfaction among customers who have limited budget for any kind of tour plans. Researchers should use innovative ways of increasing number of customer for the business enterprise. Researcher has taken one travel agency as well as carried out the research work for investigating the theme of customer satisfaction. Therefore, it is essential to gather various perspectives from the customer who avails packages from other related travel agencies for getting better idea of theme of customer satisfaction and travel agencies in Hong Kong (Silverman 2016). In case of secondary research, rese archers should not use any unethical means for retrieving the data especially from online sites. Most of the researchers upload their research work on online sites. Researchers sometimes do not want their work in case of public usages as well as have blocked access on those specific papers by other user. Online sites asks user for paying certain amount of money for getting access to the sites or papers (Anfara and Mertz 2014). Researchers pays desired amount and then make use of authentic websites for gathering data. Many sites have interview with managers of the company who gave their personal view over subjective matter. Researchers can make use of some valid points as mentioned in the interviews for research purpose as well as should not used for any kind of unethical purposes. In case of primary research, researchers take proper care that the research participants should not face any kind of problem at answering the questions. Researchers are advisable to take care of environment as well as place of the interview. Researcher should make arrangement for conducting constant medical monitoring at the interview place for any kind of medical help. Researchers should take prior consent of the participants of whether they show interest in taking part in the research work. Research participant need to sign and provide their consent for taking part in the research work. Researchers carry out the work after the participants duly sign the form. Research purpose as well as publication place are clearly mentioned to the research participants (Anfara and Mertz 2014). It is important for the researcher to assure the participants that their feedback will not be used for any kind of unethical purpose. Participants even have choice to leave the projects at any time if they are not comfortable with the interview process. Therefore, it can be seen that the researcher carries out primary as well as secondary research in ethical ways. Steps taken by the researcher will help in preventing any kind of issues at later stage of research work (Walter and Andersen 2013). Reference List Anfara Jr, V.A. and Mertz, N.T. eds., 2014. Theoretical frameworks in qualitative research. Sage publications. Archer, M., Sharp, R., Stones, R. and Woodiwiss, T., 2015. 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